Philosophy Descartes Views on the Differentiation...

Descartes views on the differentiation between the mind and the body has given rise to much thought regarding the interaction between these supposedly distinct substances. Through examining correlations between Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia it is evident that Descartes himself struggled to plausibly identify the interaction among the mental and material in relation to causation. This essay will investigate Elizabeth’s quires into the causational relationship between the mind and body by explaining and investigating Descartes distinction between the mental and physical as separate substances, Elizabeth’s concern in relation to the problem of interaction, and Descartes response to these concerns. The idea that there are two fundamental†¦show more content†¦She was understandably confused as to how there could be a causal relationship between two substances that, by definition, have completely different natures and can lead to the willing of an action or the having of an experience. According to Principles of Philosophy part II, section 15, in order for a substance to cause motion there must be contact between surfaces, however surface is a material mode. This begs the question as to how our minds can cause action (given the non-extended nature of thought) or our body’s sense cause sensations in the mind when they are distinct substances with nothing in common? Following Elizabeth’s thought, where humans do have voluntary movement and sensation, which would require surface contact therefore the mind, must also be extended as to have capacity for motion. As such, for causal interaction to occur the mind and body would need inclusive natures, which adequa tely weakens Descartes â€Å"clear and distinct† claim of perceiving the mind separate from the body. Descartes himself struggled to find a feasible answer to these questions. In a letter to Elizabeth, he suggested that a small gland in the centre of the brain, which he referred to as the pineal gland, caused â€Å"animal spirits† to interact with the body (Descartes, 1641). This more specific notion of the pineal gland creating causal interaction is often more commonly associated withShow MoreRelatedSpinoza’s Criticism of Descartes’ Substance Dualism2166 Words   |  9 Pagesbe conceived.† Spinoza’s criticism of Descartes’ substance dualism By: Jawad Samimi 01/04/2012 Substance dualism is often called ‘Cartesian dualism ‎and is the assumption that mind and body are really distinct substances. Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650) was the first early modern philosopher to hold that a thinking-thing is entirely different form an extended thing and mind can exist without the body. Cartesian dualism, which started the famous mind-body problem of causal interaction, has beenRead MoreRichard Taylor And His Belief Of The Anatta Doctrine Essay2052 Words   |  9 Pagesreadings by Descartes, for example, because they were so confusing in their explanation of the separation between mind and body. The idea of mind within the body makes the most sense to me, which is why I felt that this reading was so interesting. The Anatta Doctrine differed from the other readings that Richard Taylor composed as a philosopher in the contemporary era with an emphasis in analytic philosophy. Taylor’s critical analytical presentation made it much easier for me to understand this view, becauseRead More Philosophy in Mathematics Essay3045 Words   |  13 PagesPhilosophy in Mathematics Mathematics has contributed to the alteration of technology over many years. The most noticeable mathematical technology is the evolution of the abacus to the many variations of the calculator. Some people argue that the changes in technology have been for the better while others argue they have been for the worse. While this paper does not address specifically technology, this paper rather addresses influential persons in philosophy to the field of mathematics. Read More Sartre and the Rationalization of Human Sexuality Essay2700 Words   |  11 Pageschanging the terms of the discussion from sexual to nonsexual concepts. As a philosophy which, above all, highlights those features of human existence which seem most resistant to explanation, one would expect existentialism to highlight sexuality as a category that is crucial for considering human existence. Descartes comes immediately to mind when one focuses on Sartres major categories. In Sartres case however, it is not mind an d matter but consciousness and its opposite: nothingness and beingRead MoreMax Hallmans Traversing Philosophical Boundaries3864 Words   |  16 Pagesfocus on conceptions of the self include Cicles by Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Nature of the Soul and Its Relation to the Body by Plato, and On the Real Distinction Between Mind and Body by Rene Descartes. In the former two essays, the authors explore identity and the latter three essays, the authors discuss the self in terms of a being who possesses both a mind and a body and how those two things are related, if indeed they are related at all. Trying to define identity or a sense of the selfRead More Emotional intelligence: The rapprochement of reason and emotion5515 Words   |  23 Pagesbeginning to emerge regarding the way emotion should be viewed. Emotions provide a unique source of information for individuals about their environment, which informs and shapes their thoughts, actions, and subsequent feelings, and there is a growing view that emotion information can be used more or less intelligently. A notion central to emotional intelligence theory is that individuals differ in their ability to perceive, understand and use emotional information, and this ability significantly contributesRead MoreEmotional Intelligence: the Rapprochement of Reason and Emotion5749 Words   |  23 Pagesbeginning to emerge regarding the way emotion should be viewed. Emotions provide a unique source of information for individuals about their environment, which informs and shapes their thoughts, actions, and subsequent feelings, and there is a growing view that emotion information can be used more or less intelligently. A notion central to emotional intelligence theory is that individuals differ in their ability to perceive, understand and use emotional information, and this ability significantly contributesRead MoreFoucault Power8957 Words   |  36 Pagespower relations-the word economy being used in its theoretical and prac tical sense. To put it in other words: since Kant, the role of philosophy is to prevent reason from going beyond the limits of what is given in experience; but from the same moment-that is, since the development of the modern state and the political management of society-the role of philosophy is also to keep watch over the excessive powers of political rationality, which is a rather high expectation. Everybody is aware of suchRead Moresecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 Pagesoften said that she thin ks with her glands. Man superbly ignores the fact that his anatomy also includes glands, such as the testicles, and that they secrete hormones. He thinks of his body as a direct and normal connection with the world, which he believes he apprehends objectively, whereas he regards the body of woman as a hindrance, a prison, weighed down by everything peculiar to it. The female is a female by virtue of a certain lack of qualities, said Aristotle; we should regard the femaleRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 PagesIntroductory Notes on Organisational Analysis Understanding Organisations The Limits of Rationalism Levels of Analysis: The SOGI Model Limitations of the SOGI Model The Individual Level The Group Level The Organisation Level The Society Level Interactions between the Levels Morgan’s Metaphors The Metaphors in Brief The Machine Metaphor The Organic Metaphor The Brain Metaphor Cultural (Anthropological) Metaphor The Political Metaphor The Psychic Prison Metaphor Flux and Transformation The Dominance Metaphor

Analysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men - 946 Words

12 Angry Men For the purpose of this paper I will be using a movie based on a teen male who is on trial for the murder of his father in 1957. There are twelve men on the jury who are from all different areas of society. They have one goal, to decide based on testimony and evidence on whether the accused is guilty or not. The following information is one person’s observation of the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† using the 5 Stages of Group Development. Keywords: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning The Jury The Jury is conformed of twelve men. Each man is in a different social status in society and are sworn to have no prior opinion towards this case. To find the accused unanimously guilty of a crime, all twelve Jurors have to agree with out reasonable doubt that the accused committed the crime. If one Juror thinks there could be any doubt then all twelve have to agree the accused is innocent or it’s a hung Jury. Jurors are not clear on what they are supposed to do besides as a group decide if the young man accused is guilty or innocent. The jury room was very stifling, men are opening windows for air and using this as an opportunity to initiate superficial conversation with each other as individuals not as a group. Juror 10 publicized his sickness and need for air, his unintentional and non-confrontational approach to acquire attention. Juror 7, tries to start conversation with each and every man who approaches the windows. This constant need forShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : 12 Angry Men1639 Words   |  7 Pageswithin a diverse group.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of cooperative communities while providing different aspects of leadership. Movie Summary The movie 12 Angry Men is a depiction of a jury deliberation in the 1950’s involving the trial of a teenager that is accused of murdering his father. These twelve men were brought together by a random selection process to make a unanimous decision. In the beginning, all jurors believed the boy to be guilty without a doubtRead More12 Angry Men : Movie Analysis : 12 Angry Men1103 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1957 movie version of 12 angry men, brings twelve people together with different personalities and experiences to discuss the fate of a young boy that allegedly killed his father. At the very beginning many agree that the boy is guilty except for one man. Juror #8 votes not guilty and pushes to have the evidence talked through. Slowly after reviewing all the evidence carefully the eleven to one vote switched from eleven thinking guilty to eleven thinking not guilty. Each juror brought differentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 1891 Words   |  8 PagesT he Decision Analysis Assignment Frank Luu The story of 12 Angry Men begins in a New York City courthouse at the conclusion of a murder trial. The judge order the 12 men of the jury to recess and decide on a guilty or not guilty verdict for a 18 year old boy charged with murdering his father. The judge informs them that a guilty decision by the jury will result in a death sentence for the boy as the judge will not show any leniency. The 12 men are lead to the jury room where they will stay lockedRead More12 Angry Men Movie Analysis782 Words   |  4 PagesTwelve Angry Men Analysis BA 321 Reaching a unanimous vote, beyond a reasonable doubt, was a difficult task for the jurors represented in the film, 12 Angry Men. All but one were convinced the boy on trial was guilty of first degree murder based on eye witness testimony and circumstantial evidence. Uncomfortably hot and sweaty, one intent on getting to a ball game, eleven of the twelve jurors had no intention to stop and think about the life contingent on their verdict. The entireRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 933 Words   |  4 Pages12 Angry Men Overview In the movie of 12 Angry Men, a group of jurors must decide the fate of an inner-city boy, who is charged with killing his father. The case should have been a slam dunk, yet one man (Juror No. 8) in the initial vote cast reasonable doubt over the evidence of the trial. While deliberating their verdict, the details are revealed. Subsequently, the jurors slowly changed their vote to innocent on the basis of doubt. Despite their duty to separate personal matters from the factsRead MoreMovie Analysis : 12 Angry Men1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe group type presented in the film 12 Angry men appears to be a task group. Task groups typically come together to accomplish a specific charge. In this case, their task was to decide a verdict of guilty or not guilty for the boy on trial. According to our text, some feature of this task group would include those listed under the â€Å"teams† category such as appointed leadership and focus on a specific task or charge. The members’ bo nd is simply there interest in the task, as they have no previousRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 1929 Words   |  8 Pages12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. Written and co-produced by Rose himself and directed by Sidney Lumet, this trial film tells the story of a jury made up of 12 men as they deliberate the guilt or acquittal of a defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt, forcing the jurors to question their morals and values. In the United States, a verdict in most criminal trials by jury must be unanimous. The film is notable for its almostRead MoreMovie Analysis : 12 Angry Men1769 Words   |  8 Pages1. Is this jury a group or team? Does the jury have entitativity? Why or why not? (define and give 2 examples from the movie) (10 points) It can be debated whether the jurors who made up the jury in the film 12 Angry Men comprised of a group or a team. Teams and groups are often terms that are used interchangeable to describe a multitude of gathered individuals. Teams are often thought of as a specific type of group, and essentially they are classified as hypergroups (Forsyth). As discussed inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 2223 Words   |  9 Pages12 Angry Men is a movie centered around a murder case and the 12 men that are in charge of providing a verdict for a kid charged of first degree murder of his own father. In this movie, the characters have to face a long and grueling procedure of figuring out how to charge the kid after a six day long trial and hours long deliberation between the jurors. The film of 12 Angry Men has several key psychological aspects to it that can be accurately and summarily described. In the movie, the jury hasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Angry Men 1239 Words   |  5 Pageshands, such as a juror, you hope for the best, but that is not always enough. Sometimes there are certain variables, which can impact decisions and alter a person’s life forever. The movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† is a great example of how these variables play a role in determining a person’s innocence. Throughout this movie there were numerous examples of psychological science. The four domains I will focus on are stereotyping, eyewitness testimony, attribution process and problem solving. In the beginning

Street Light free essay sample

Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity and solar architecture, which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent energy problems the world now faces. Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaic (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. A Street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or walkway, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night. Modern lamps may also have light-sensitive photocells to turn them on at dusk, off at dawn, or activate automatically in dark weather. In older lighting this function would have been performed with the aid of a solar dial. It is not uncommon for street lights to be on posts which have wires strung between them; such as on telephone poles or utility poles. New street lighting technologies, such as LED or induction lights, emit a white light that provides high levels of scotopic lumens allowing street lights with lower wattages and lower photopic lumens to replace existing street lights. Photovoltaic-powered LED luminaires are gaining wider acceptance. Preliminary field tests show that some LED luminaires are energy-efficient and perform well in testing environments. This project is a LED based Solar Lights is an automatic street lightening system using a LDR and 6V/5W solar panel. During day time, the internal rechargeable battery receives charging current from the connected solar panel. Here IC 555 is wired as a medium current inverting line driver, switched by an encapsulated light detector (LDR). When ambient light dims, the circuits drive the white LEDs. When the ambient light level restores, circuit returns to its idle state and light(s) switched off by the circuit. Block Diagram: SOLAR ENERGY SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis, which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent energy problems the world now faces. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared. The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earths surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Earths land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises their temperature. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earths surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14  °C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived. The total solar energy absorbed by Earths atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The technical potential available from biomass is from 100–300 EJ/year. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earths non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined. Solar energy can be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. [pic] Average insolation showing land area (small black dots) required to replace the world primary energy supply with solar electricity. 18 TW is 568 Exajoule (EJ) per year. Insolation for most people is from 150 to 300 W/m2 or 3. 5 to 7. 0 kWh/m2/day. Solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends. However, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the sun. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight. Active solar techniques use photovoltaic panels, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies. Average  insolation  showing land area (small black dots) required to replace the world primary energy supply with solar electricity. 18 TW is 568 Exajoule (EJ) per year. Insolation for most people is from 150 to 300 W/m2  or 3. 5 to 7. 0 kWh/m2/day. Solar energy refers primarily to the use of  solar radiation  for practical ends. However, all renewable energies, other than  geothermal  and  tidal, derive their energy from the sun. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight. Active solar techniques use photovoltaic panels, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered  supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies. Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the  Greeks  and  Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth. The common features of  passive solar  architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and  thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates  Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together  solar lighting,  heating  and  ventilation  systems in an integrated  solar design  package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance. Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower  albedos  and higher  heat capacities  than those in the natural environment. A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees. Using these methods, a hypothetical cool communities program in  Los Angeles  has projected that urban temperatures could be reduced by approximately 3  Ã‚ °C at an estimated cost of US$1  billion, giving estimated total annual benefits of US$530  million from reduced air-conditioning costs and healthcare savings. Greenhouses  like these in the Westland municipality of the  Netherlands  grow vegetables, fruits and flowers. Agriculture  and  horticulture  seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields. [24][25]  While sunlight is generally considered a plentiful resource, the exceptions highlight the importance of solar energy to agriculture. During the short growing seasons of the  Little Ice Age, French and  English  farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy. These walls acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm. Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight. In 1699,  Nicolas Fatio de Duillier  even suggested using a  tracking mechanism  which could pivot to follow the Sun. [26]  Applications of solar energy in agriculture aside from growing crops include pumping water, drying crops, brooding chicks and drying chicken manure. [27][28]  More recently the technology has been embraced by vinters, who use the energy generated by solar panels to power grape presses.

Pharmacology for Nursing Free-Samples for Students Myassignment

Questions: 1.What are the Indications and actions of the prescribed Medications? 2.What are the most Common Interactions of the prescribed Medications? 3.Discuss the Medication Management Education that is required to Enable Angela to manage her Medications at home. Answers: 1.The condition that Mrs Angela Brown aged 68 undergoes is what is medically referred to as multimorbidity. Basically, multimorbidity is condition where two or more chronic disease affects the patients. This situation is mostly prevalent among the older people. The cations that were taken at first to give het Metronidazole500mg was ideal at that particular time since the results of such prescription plays a very major role in the state of person (Pinnell Hoopla digital, 2014). From the patients who have undergone the same challenge they are given the same prescription to relieve the situation or most importantly relive the severity of the chronic problem indicated above. However, some precautionary measures ought to be taken before taking this medication since it contains some high level of carcinogenic which may incredibly affect the patient who has history of kidney or liver problem (Herbert-Ashton Clarkson, 2008).It is therefore important for the nurses to take full history of t he patient regarding the past history so as to see or rather determine the relevancy of being given the said medication before being administered to the patient so as not to cause some risk factors that are associated with it. Probably, Mrs Angela Brown may be experiencing some form of discomfort if the previous doctor was not able to clearly capture her past history on her conditions (Hogan, Burke, Gingrich Taylor, 2013). It is always prudent that before this medicine is administered the medic should have prior knowledge of the patient so as to know how best to medicate them. Regular checkup also amounts to gradual improvement of the patient. However, all this squarely depend on the readiness of the patients to discloses all the information regarding their health so as to have clear knowledge on how to be assisted by the concerned medic in their area of expertise (Lilley, Collins Snyder, 2017). It has been observed that the cooperation of the patient with the doctor or practition er is very instrumental in seeing to it that they are in a position of getting the best services.2.Metronidazole500mg IV tds should be taken as prescribed by the doctor as there are some complexity that may be evident if it not taken according to the prescription to the latter (Brenner Stevens, 2013). It is ideal to note that the aforementioned drug should be taken 2 hours upon completion of taking meals. Similarly, this drug ought not to be chewed, crushed or broken in the process of taking it as it may have dire problems to the patient taking it. This also implies it may not play its major role as intended and thereby it is always recommended that it should be taken like that in its totality (Toy, 2008). To ensure that the aforesaid drug does not have effect to ones body, it is ideal for one to get some regular testing on blood and liver so as to ascertain that their condition is stable. Therefore, it is always important for the patient to tell the doctor that they are using Metr onidazole500mg IV tds so as to give their doctor easier time to know how to treat orc which medicine to prescribe for the patient. It has been established that skipping of this medicine results to higher risks to the patients (Sammour, 2010). For this reason, it would be prudent for the patient to visit the medic and tell them their situation if they discover they have not taken the drug for some days since taking it without the consent of the doctor may have negative impact to its taker. Another area of concern is that, there is also need for the patient to have close contact with the medical care taker so as to guide them on appropriate step to take in case the side effect of such medicine becomes conspicuous. There is also need to have home nursing care because of its notable role in adding the person to recover well. This is also met to see to it that the patient observes the prescription to the latter. 3.For Mrs Angela to manage her medication, it will be importantly for her to have regular checkup and medical consultation so as to aid her fully recuperate from that worsening condition. Regular checkups are very instrumental to such patients since it would provide a clear report of her performance or progress and thereby allowing the doctor to know how best to go about her conditions (Lehne, 2010). To add on that, basing on Angelas age, it is important for her to get some home nursing which will significantly play noble roe in her quick recuperations. Her conditions may be termed as the one that needs palliative care and thereby this close monitoring and nursing will allow her to fully recover fast than anticipated. There are some of the practices that one has to avoids while taking this medication (Kee, Hayes McCuistion, 2015). This is like issue of one taking alcohol or liquor. Nonetheless, it has been observed that Metronidazole500mg IV tds has innumerable side effects if the p recautionary steps are not fully put into consideration for the safety of the patient. Therefore, Angela needs someone who will always monitor her condition for better recovery. It may be taken twice for seven days and most practitioner prefer this since it shows great improvement in the part of the patient. Some of its side effects are diarrhea slurring in speech and many others (Burchum Rosenthal, 2015). Angela may be able to manage her nursing at home if she is in constant communication with her nurse who offers her, palliative care there at home (Katzung Trevor, 2015). Since this is multimorbidity condition, it requires very close monitoring and thereby Angela may be able to realize her objective of recovery well she needs to get full support from the nurse who us responds to her health issues on time Interactions of drugs and its effects drug to drug interactions These are drugs that raises the interactions for other medicines. Drug to drug interactions may at time decrease the functionality of ones normal medicine and thereby hinder their way of recovery as such. This in essence may increase the chances of developing serious form of illness and to solve causing side effects which are very prone in magnitude (Katzung Trevor, 2015). For instance, if one takes a verity of drugs such as antihistamine, Benadryl and Vicodin, they may develop drowsiness to reactivity if such drugs in the body. Some medicine such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in indomethacin, lowers the functionality of kidney and thereby hinder the excretion oflithium, a drug used for bipolar disorder. The remedy of this is a dose adjustment and clear monitoring of the patient. drug to food interactions It is ideal to note that there are some of the drugs that can negatively interact with some food such grapefruit juicer. This is because the said food reduces the level of enzymes that is very crucial in breaking down the said medication. As such blood level for a particular drug increases and thereby resulting to high level of toxic in the body (Lehne, 2010). For example Salbutamol 2 puffs prn Amiodarone 200mg daily Aspirin 300mg daily On the same breath, the result of this may be pains in the muscles which is medically known as rhabdomyolysis. Bronchodilators for instance, theophylline or albuterol, and epinephrine may have great effect to the person especially if used with food. It is for this reason that one is advanced to avoid beverages that contain caffeine. Taking much of this increases the bioavailability of theophylline level in patient drug to herbal interactions Herbal interactions may have adverse effect to its consumers for a number of reasons explicated below. This is majorly attributed to the fact that most of the herbal drugs have not been labeled with safety warning which is a major characteristics of other medicine. As such the consumer may take the supplement only to find it is reacting negatively with either food or any other drug. This may incredibly interfere with the normal taking of drugs as it does hinder the breaking down of the drug and as such may result to other side effects (Brenner Stevens, 2013). It is important for one to always check with the doctor to ascertain the safety of a particular herbal before its consumption. References Brenner, G. M., Stevens, C. W. (2013).Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. Burchum, Jacqueline., Rosenthal, Laura. (2015).Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care. W B Saunders Co. Herbert-Ashton, M. J., Clarkson, N. E. (2008).Pharmacology. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Hogan, M. A., Burke, S. O., Gingrich, M. M., Taylor, T. (2013).Pharmacology. Boston: Pearson. Katzung, B. G., Trevor, A. J. (2015).Basic and clinical pharmacology. Kee, J. L. F., Hayes, E. R., McCuistion, L. E. (2015).Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. Lehne, R. A. (2010).Pharmacology for nursing care. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier. Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., Snyder, J. S. (2017).Pharmacology and the nursing process. Pinnell, N. N., Hoopla digital. (2014).Nursing pharmacology. United States: Dot EDU. Sammour, S. G. (2010).Pharmacology for nursing. Toy, E. C. (2008).Pharmacology. New York: M

Essay Topics For IAS

Essay Topics For IASEssay topics for IAS are very important. The IAS, the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), is an exhaustive and time-consuming exam that assesses the candidates' knowledge, skills and aptitude for running a departmental office or department. If you don't know the basic principles of the IAS examination, then the entire process will be a lot harder for you than it should be.One of the easiest essay topics for IAS can be a text-based one. This is because almost all institutions require the candidates to write about a particular issue related to their field of interest. This is even applicable in fields where the candidates have been employed previously. So, most institutions will want the candidate to write about his or her previous experience related to the particular subject.You can find many reasons for why people wish to write about their past experiences. One reason could be that it would give them a better idea about the subjects in which they specialize and t he company they are presently working for.There are many other reasons why students also wish to do a past experiences. Some of them might be that they would like to share a few ideas about the courses in which they have participated in or the classes they have taken. Sometimes, students find it helpful to write about their own achievements in the subject.Other students might feel that they would like to compare their previous experiences with the experiences of others, especially their classmates. It is also possible for the student to come up with a unique perspective for the topic, if it is related to a particular field or a certain company. You can either make a different topic entirely or change the subject to something that is more related to your area of interest.It is also possible for you to choose topics related to the society, culture, language, religion, technological advancements, modern life and contemporary issues in the society. This is done because writing such essa y topics for IAS is not an easy task for any candidate.So, get the right topics for you. Remember, the IAS is very tough so it would be very beneficial for you to get the right one for your case. After all, the preparation for this is all about timing and getting the right topic and hence, make sure that you get it right.

MICROECONOMICS - TEST ONE Essays - Market, Consumer Theory

MICROECONOMICS - TEST ONE NAME __________________________________ Forty-four multiple choice questions, each worth 2 points; and two short-answer questions, each worth 6 points. For each question, circle the best answer. 1.The study of economics is primarily concerned with: A)keeping private businesses from losing money. B)keeping economics professors from starving to death. C)choices that are made in seeking to use scarce resources efficiently. D)determining the most equitable (fair) distribution of the government's money. 2.Even though the Orlando Sentinel is inexpensive, people rarely buy more than one of them each day. This fact: A)is an example of irrational behavior. B)implies that reading should be taught through phonics rather than the whole language method. C)contradicts the economic perspective. D)implies that, for most people, the marginal benefit of reading a second newspaper is less than the marginal cost. 3.The basic purpose of the "other things equal" (ceteris paribus) assumption is to: A)allow one to reason about the relationship between price and quantity of X without the intrusion of a change in the price of Z. B)allow one to focus upon micro variables by ignoring macro variables. C)allow one to focus upon macro variables by ignoring micro variables. D)allow one to reason about the relationship between revenues and expenses of a business. 4.Which of the following is a microeconomic statement? A)The real U.S. output increased by 2.5 percent last year. B)Unemployment was 6.8 percent of the U.S. labor force last year. C)The price of personal computers declined last year. D)The general price level (inflation) increased by 4 percent last year. 5.The problems of aggregate (at the national level) inflation and unemployment are: A)major topics of macroeconomics. B)not relevant to the U.S. economy. C)major topics of microeconomics. D)peculiar to socialistic economies. 6."If you leave a football game at the end of the third quarter, you will avoid traffic and get home more quickly. Therefore, everyone should leave the game early." This illustrates the: A)"sore loser syndrome" (loser doesn't want to see the end of the game when his team is losing.) B)adverse selection problem. C)fallacy of division. D)fallacy of composition. 7.If we say that two variables are inversely related, this means that: A)the two graph as an upsloping line. B)an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other. C)an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other. D)the resulting relationship can be portrayed by a straight line parallel to the horizontal axis. Use the following to answer question 8: 8.Answer on the basis of the relationships shown in the above four figures. The amount of Y is inversely related to the amount of X in: A)2 only. B) both 1 and 3.C) 3 only.D) 1 only. 9.The fundamental problem of economics is: A)to establish a democratic political framework for the smooth operation of the government. B)the establishment of prices that reflect the relative scarcities of products and resources. C)dealing with the scarcity of productive resources relative to an unlimited number of economic wants. D)What do I do to get out of poverty? 10.Which of the following is real capital (as we define it in economics)? A)a pair of stockings B) a construction craneC) a savings accountD) a share of IBM stock 11.Economics can best be defined as the study of: A)how to profitably invest one's income in stocks and bonds. B)how to use scarce productive resources efficiently. C)how government policies affect businesses and labor. D)managing business enterprises for profit. 12.A production possibilities curve shows: A)that resources are unlimited. B)that people prefer one of the goods more than the other. C)the maximum amounts of two goods that can be produced assuming the full and efficient use of available resources. D)combinations of labor only necessary to produce specific levels of output. 13.Opportunity cost is best defined as: A)the monetary price of any productive resource. B)the amount of labor that must be used to produce one unit of any product. C)the ratio of the prices of imported goods to the prices of exported goods. D)the amount of one product that must be given up to produce one more unit of another product. 14."Allocative efficiency" refers to: A)the use of the least-cost method of production. B)the production of the product-mix most wanted by society. C)the full employment of all available resources. D)production at some point inside

Basic Information About Maps

Basic Information About Maps We see them every day, we use them when we travel, and we refer to them often, but what is a map? Map Defined A map is defined as a representation, usually on a flat surface, of a whole or part of an area. The job of a map is to describe spatial relationships of specific features that the map aims to represent. There are many different types of maps that attempt to represent specific things. Maps can display political boundaries, population, physical features, natural resources, roads, climates, elevation (topography), and economic activities. Maps are produced by cartographers. Cartography refers both the study of maps and the process of map-making. It has evolved from basic drawings of maps to the use of computers and other technologies to assist in making and mass producing maps. Is a Globe a Map? A globe is a map. Globes are some of the most accurate maps that exist. This is because the earth is a three-dimensional object that is close to spherical. A globe is an accurate representation of the spherical shape of the world. Maps lose their accuracy because they are actually projections of a part of or the entire Earth. Map Projections There are several types of map projections, as well as several methods used to achieve these projections. Each projection is most accurate at its center point and becomes more distorted the further away from the center that it gets. The projections are generally named after either the person who first used it, the method used to produce it, or a combination of the two. Some common types of map projections include: MercatorTransverse MercatorRobinsonLambert Azimuthal Equal AreaMiller CylindricalSinusoidal Equal AreaOrthographicStereographicGnomonicAlbers Equal Area Conic In-depth explanations of how the most common map projections are made can be found on this USGS website, complete with diagrams and explanations of uses and advantages to each. Mental Maps The term mental map refers to the maps that arent actually produced and just exist in our minds. These maps are what allow us to remember the routes that we take to get somewhere. They exist because people think in terms of spatial relationships and vary from person to person because they are based on ones own perception of the world. Evolution of Maps Maps have changed in many ways since maps were first used. The earliest maps that have withstood the test of time were made on clay tablets. Maps were produced on leather, stone, and wood. The most common medium for producing maps on is, of course, paper. Today, however, maps are produced on computers, using software such as GIS or Geographic Information Systems. The way maps are made has also changed. Originally, maps were produced using land surveying, triangulation, and observation. As technology advanced, maps  were made using aerial photography, and then eventually remote sensing, which is the process used today. The appearance of maps has evolved along with their accuracy. Maps have changed from basic expressions of locations  to works of art, extremely accurate, mathematically produced maps. Map of the World Maps are generally accepted as precise and accurate, which is true  but only to a point. A map of the entire world, without distortion of any kind, has yet to be produced; therefore it is vital that one questions where that distortion is on the map that they are using.